What is meant by Motivation? ~ Motivation is micro perspective of organizational behaviour

What is meant by Motivation?     

Motivation is micro perspective of organizational behaviour

A comprehensive understanding of motivation includes three things;

1. Need
2. Drive
3. Incentive 

• The drives or motives may be classified into primary, general and secondary categories
• Primary motives are unlearned and physiologically based – like hunger, sleep, shelter etc..
• The general stimulus or motives are also unlearned  like curiosity, manipulation, affection
• Secondary motives are learned and more relevant to the study of organizational behaviour.  The need for power,  affiliation,  achievement, security and status are major motivational  forces in the behaviour of organizational participants
Motivation can also be classified into its source – extrinsic and intrinsic
Extrinsic factors are the visible consequences external to the individual for example money
Intrinsic motives are internal to the individual and are self-induced to achieve, or in some way better oneself.
• Students are advised to go through the problem given in Fred Leviathans book on page 264 Star Sales person and answer the questions given therein.
• Students should also go through the equity theory and given explanation of equity as an explanation of work motivation.
• The relationship between equity theory and organizational justice.   Equity theory serves as the foundation for the common thread of perceived fairness among various dimensions of justice.  For example equity theory explains conditions under which decision outcomes i.e. pay levels, pay raises and promotions etc. are perceived as being fair or unfair.  Persons engaged in this type of
Thinking are concerned with the results rather than how the results are achieved
• Equity theory supports a perception of distributive justice.  In simple words this is an evaluation of whether or not the amounts and allocation of rewards in a social setting are fair.  In more clear words distributive justice means that everyone should get what he deserves
• Procedural justice on the other hand means fairness of the procedure used to make a decision.  Instead of basing commission on the number of units sold, commission should be calculated on the dollar value achieved by a sales man
Procedural justice can raise issues of equality as opposed to equity.  Equality means that in cases of promotion all persons irrespective of gender or ethnicity should be considered for promotion.  Equity means that the actual choice was fair and that the criteria was correctly applied and therefore the most qualified person was promoted.  Interactional justice